Saturday, November 1, 2025

Weaknesses in the New England Anglo family, 20th century

As part-Anglo-Saxon Protestant, I am witness that the degradation of the American family cannot be blamed upon communist or leftist influence in America, which really only began in the 1940"s.

 My grandparents graduated Middlebury and Dartmouth Colleges in 1936. They were scions of noble New England families, names included Keeler, Bridge, Philips, Hathaway, Bowman, oh, and one Keegan.

 After my dad passed away in 1974, it did not occur in the slightest to my grandfather nor to my uncle to at all be the role of advisor or guide. My Jewish uncles, in contrast, took an advisory role towards my brother and myself, despite one going through a difficult divorce and the other, dealing with health and financial difficulties. 

The role differentiation between the genders in Judaism means that if a dad dies, it is considered an enormous tragedy, and "a child needs a father."

Ditto with the loss of a mother.

American Protestant Christians need to consider where they have fallen short in the importance of roles within the family coupled with their tendency towards a certain hands-off individualism, which degrades the family, isolates those experiencing loss, and weakens the social fabric of American society.

 

 

Thursday, October 5, 2023

Activists in the Jewish Left - and the problem of Jewish tribalism

>Activists who are presumably Jewish are floating hoaxes that are targeting codes of modest dress and behavior. These hoaxes are poking fun at fake clothing accessories. These accessories do not exist. Then these activists poke fun at the underlying detail of our codes of modesty that would lead to this fake accessory. Examples include fake toes and fake collarbones. Then they mock the concept of regular footwear that covers toes, and shirts that cover the collarbone. They are essentially mocking the ultra-orthodox (Haredi) and those members of modern orthodoxy who follow these mores.

The activists are claiming to be "frum", which is Yiddish for religious, and they are hiding their identity.
 
There are sub communities, many of whom are Haredim ("ultra-orthodox") , and some who are in the modern orthodox camp, within the orthodox Jewish world in which both men and women cover their toes, either via closed shoes or by wearing socks with open-toe sandals. There,  both men and women chose clothing that covers the collarbone. 
 
Those who floated the fake toe hoax, and their supporters, claim that only women are told to cover their toes. That is untrue. In the sub communities in which toes are covered, both men and women cover their toes. In sub communities in which collarbones are covered, both men and women cover their collarbones. 
 
So the misleading also involves lying about those communities, with the false accusation that mores of modesty are only directed at women. This is untrue, men also are bound by mores of modesty.

The Haredim limit their access to the internet. They are thus not present to respond to these hoaxes and lies that are told about them. They are also not trained on a grand scale to respond to lies and hoaxes. 
 
Liberal-leftists are groomed to provoke, so when an activist drawing from leftist ideology floats scams and false accusations, others are too taken aback and unprepared to respond. 
 
That also makes the Haredim nicer people.

Thus, it appears that we have leftists who are dressing as religious Jews. In this way they make inroads, or appear to, into the Haredi world. They do this by claiming to love being Jewish, yet  floating hoaxes, putting a stumbling block before the blind, mocking and lying about other sub communities, and even mocking modesty itself.
 
This is a tip off that Jewish tribalism can serve as a cover for unethical behavior by Jews, as well as a tip off for the call to Marxist activism by fomenting discord and creating social unrest. 
 
In one article related to the fake-toe hoax, a blogger quotes the unnamed forgerers as saying they had "hit a nerve", so they persisted in their activity
 
They claim that the "nerve" they hit shows how modesty has gone "too far" without considering that people may find lying and misleading offensive, that is, a universal truth was betrayed.  
 
Hitting a nerve is seen as an accomplishment in Marxist-inspired activist circles, and in order to foment social chaos, the activist keeps prodding that so called
 "nerve". 
 
But this "nerve" is the universal ethic of not bearing false witness, of lying. 
 
This "nerve" that the anonymous scammers have hit is one shared by all decent human beings
 - that lying is wrong.
 
In other contexts they claim to "love" Judaism and their people. (It should be noted that men who are abusive in their marriages also insist that they love their wives.)

How can apparently orthodox Jews engage in such a web of lies? 
 
Here we come to the challenge, and sometimes tragedy, of Jewish tribalism.
 
Pretending to be an observant Jew is very easy. Observant Judaism does not call for say meditative practices or martial arts in which a surly disposition would be a give-away that one is not following the Eastern disciplines correctly, and thus get expelled from the ashram. 
 
Orthodox Jews are not celibate, they have no priests who, caught with a girlfriend, would be defrocked. 
 
Directives to act with grace exist within Judaism, but are not as exoteric as in the Christian and Muslim communities, a graceless Christian or Muslim can be considered not a true Christian or Muslim. In contrast, a graceless Jew is still a Jew.
 
If you are born to a Jewish women, or convert according to Jewish law, you can never be expelled from being Jewish. 

But does the fact that a Jew's citizenship can never be undone, translate to mean that everything that a Jew does is Jewish? Or are we called to a high code of conduct and ethics? Tragically, all throughout our history, there have been Jews who say how much they love being Jewish,  love the holidays, love the Hebrew language, and yet act in direct opposition not only to commandments that are particular to Judaism, not only in direct opposition to traditions that interpret the commandments that are particular to Judaism, but to all basic common decency.

 Observant Judaism is fun, with lots of holidays, family gatherings, good food (albeit monotonous), community, so dressing and acting like one is no comparison to the the challenge of other religions and other frameworks, like Eastern practices, Catholic celibacy, Christian grace, Muslim fasts, or even Western rugged individualism.
 
 Jews who do cleave to the commandments, to tradition, and who are raised to be refined and sensitive are not trained to be on the defensive and quick to respond to false accusations and hoaxes, and they also do not wish to confront in the hopes that the Leftist Jews will mend their ways. This explains why the view you see in the media will be so one-sided in favor of the Left.

I am an exception, as I was raised liberal-Left. Thus I blog, but most Haredim do not.

The unnamed hoaxsters  of the fake toe scam declare their caring for their communities, faith and the future of their children - they are tribe-oriented and not ethics oriented. They do not say that they care about the Torah. They do not even say that they care about Judaism, but "their faith". 
 
The Torah contains commandments not to lie, not to put a stumbling block before the blind.
 
It is the tragedy of 
tribalism that people can claim to be orthodox and yet perpetrate a hoax, violating universal ethics.

 This is Marxism, not Torah Judaism. Their costume matters little, and as they brag about their funding, fomenting confusion and continuing to prod that confusion, that nerve, that social discord that is Marxism, while flaunting core Torah ethics of not putting a stumbling block before the blind and staying away from lies, the rest of us can recall what is really driving them.


 Perhaps those who support this fraud at times wonder at their own lying as a sin against God and humanity. Conscience tends to prick. Perhaps they support each other through those times of doubt, when the facade cracks and conscience breaks through, declaring: “lying is wrong” , “a hoax is unethical”. You then shake off those shackles of propriety, get back to your activism by assuming that you will never be scammed, lied about, or provoked. Just keep switching politically correct horses so you will be above it all, you will be the influencer, the provocateur, the hoaxster who can get away with it. 
 
But there will come a day where you will stumble upon something inviolate - perhaps a swath of nature reserve, or an area that holds a precious childhood memory, perhaps you will draw the line at say aborting girls solely on the basis of their gender, or transgender surgery on minors - something will click and you will want sympathy and protection for that sacred space. But because you have participated in the modern individualist project of  desensitization,  sneered, hoaxed, provoked, you will seek comfort and comfort will not come, you will  come to that point in which you will gasp and cry, “what have I done?”
 
Regarding their claims to care about women,  how can we be sure that these activists are untainted by the attitudes they claims the Haredim have? As apparently observant Jewish women, they may not necessarily be free of them. Thus, they may not be the saviors in waiting.

If anyone ought to save Haredi women, (if they really need saving, I mean, if they are screaming I cannot hear them) then we need to search this planet  for an absolutely  egalitarian culture and wrest a savior from there, someone who will research the activists' claims objectively, reviewing concepts of freedom to chose one's lifestyle and dress, freedom of speech, a free press, with a comparison to other cultures.

Such a scholar may take umbrage at the activists' inflammatory tone.

Such an objective scholar would probably end up learning more about various concepts of Jewish self-hatred and who-is-the-good-Jew dynamic.

Maybe this scholar could turn his or her attention to the disruptions at the Kotel as well.

 ----
 
The lies told in the above referenced articles:
 
1 - that there are fake toes for sale for the sake of modesty. This is a lie.
 
2 - that in orthodox Jewish communities, only women are told to cover their toes.  This is a lie. In those communities in which women cover their toes and collarbones, so do men.

3 -  that this post went viral by mistake. It actually takes effort for posts to go viral.
 
4 - those behind this hoax are hiding their identity. That means no one can confront them and know who they really are.
 
You can see the hoaxes to which I refer by googling "fake toes" and "toe-gate" on the Jerusalem Post and Times of Israel.








Wednesday, September 20, 2023

A Slight Word of Caution to Activists - You may Regret Your Provocations

A word to leftist activists:

As you provoke others, you may want to pause and consider:

 You may think you are immune to being targeted for harassment. But you may not be.

Part of the sophisticated elite, you will never identify with anyone who is pained at the dismissal of some place, object,  action, mode of dress or time span that is regarded as holy; always positioned on the correct side of the political fence, so enlightened, you are above and beyond, immune to mockery or provocation.

Or, another choice is that you will simply switch horses mid stream the minute that something you do hold as sacred is threatened; sensing the impending loss, you will jump ship - though you probably never held on  tight as you never know what politically correct wave will wash over us yet, desensitized, as those who are willing to mock others are, you will simply switch and go along with the current at hand.

Leading so-called "feminists" switched horses fast and now support men  who claim to be women taking away sports prizes from women. Now that is a betrayal, but it is happening.  

You can copy them -  plan to be ready to switch horses. Divest yourself of sacred scruples and you will be safe and a member of that elite.

 Or will you?

There may come a day in which you will find that there are objects, places, people, situations, time frames, actions, that are inviolate and must be defended. Perhaps a loved one is getting pressured to abort a baby she wants, but others in her life do not, perhaps abortion up to the minute before birth bothers you, though if you have skillfully turned a blind eye to that one - I doubt that  maternal death as a result of late term abortions, just days before a healthy delivery was probable, would leave you unruffled.

Maybe you are fine with the trans movement in theory, but can you really turn a blind eye to the removing of body parts of healthy teens in order to allegedly transform their gender, and ignore the regret from those whose bodies were mutilated before they even had the right to drive a car?

Or it may be a patch of land from your home town, a nature reserve that you know is critical to be preserved - there will be the day that something you hold has sacred will be threatened, but, having taken part in the modern secular relativist project of desensitization expressed, no one will be there to come to your rescue, no one will sympathize, desensitized as they are, as you allowed yourself to become, in response to the cacophony of political correctness. 

You will  stand alone grasping for someone to advocate for your feeling that a line is being crossed, you will seek help, but find yourself abandoned; having mocked others, you will in turn be mocked, and then you will gasp and wonder, “what have I done?”

 

 

Monday, September 18, 2023

There are liberals who have no sympathy for sex abuse, I am witness.

"Oona really appreciates the support you showed her, and she was taken aback that Amy did not show any interest or sympathy." Summer job, late 1980's, Boston Massachusetts, involved driving elderly to day trips and shopping for them. 

 

Oona parked the car that we used for work in the garage. She came to the office and said that a man flashed her, 

 

Oona was upset, and understandably so. I accompanied her to report the incident and showed her sympathy and support. 

 

We were liberal and therefore enlightened. Well I was starting to keep the Jewish Sabbath and kosher and attend an orthodox synagogue, but one thing all people agree upon is how wrong sex abuse is, right? Not so fast. Amy had embarked upon a mission that sexual promiscuity is a vehicle for bringing down a patriarchy that dictates marriage. 

 

She bragged about her bisexual relationships, though I remember in high school that she wanted to marry her boyfriend. Then, in college, she turned to bisexual promiscuity. She also bragged about how much that hurt one of her boyfriends, I thought, why is he with her then? All is fair in love and war, I felt some sympathy for him, but to a limited extent. If sexual relationships are mutually consensual, then although I think these situations are hurtful, I also thought - well that was his choice. She also told me that she sleeps with women, she said this with a look of extreme contempt and scorn on her face, followed by a triumphant flush. I just ignored it, I knew she was trying to provoke. 

But we all agree that a man should not flash a woman right? Again, Judith quipped to me the above, that Amy DID NOT CARE that Oona was flashed. I began to understand that there is a sub-movement among the sexually promiscuous, and that is to desensitize the sacredness or special-ness of sexual activity to the extent that sex abuse matters little. I looked Amy up, She has written a book about gender. 

 

So I know for a fact that at least one of these "gender studies" graduates care absolutely nothing about sex abuse. I am witness.

Tuesday, March 7, 2023

Attorney Mordechai Bass' Report on the Immanuel Beit Yaakov Girl's School - ื“ื•"ื— ืขื•"ื“ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘


The Israeli Ministry of Education sent attorney Mordechai Bass to investigate the Beit Yaakov girl's school, Immanuel, Israel, in January 2008.
    
See full report here in Hebrew, then English translation, then typed in. 
 
ื“ื•"ื— ืขื•"ื“ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืก ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘
 

------



















 

 

Attorney Mordechai Bass' Evaluation:


Page 1
Invitation to investigate

“On January 28 2008 I was invited to evaluate the complaints of ethnic discrimination made against the Beis Yaakov Emanuel administration. I have thoroughly reviewed relevant material … and have met with administrators from the ministry of education, the chinuch atzmai (independent religious schools’ network), and I visited the two schools in question.”

Page 2
Evaluation of ethnicity

“The percentage of Ashkenazi families in the original school is 23%, and in the new (Chasidi) school, 73%.”

(Footnote at bottom: “Such figures are not totally accurate – firstly, the schools do not note the ethnicity of their students in the registration – and this is a good thing! Secondly – this figure was…partially based on the tenor of the family name, which can also be inaccurate.” )

Were any families refused admission to the Beis Yaakov Chasidi, Emanuel?

“All parents wanting to sign up their daughters to the new school, and were ready to accept upon themselves the school’s conditions, were accepted (lit. “not refused”). Since there was no rejection (of any applicants), where is the discrimination?”

Page 5
Description of Emanuel Community“

A varied population dwells in Emanuel – Chassidic, Lithuanian, Sephardic, some families have been Haredi for generations, some for one generation, some are newly religious for a few years. In larger towns, this variety is expressed in a variety of schools. Until this year there was only one (Haredi) school in the town.”

Attorney Bass notes the tensions between the stricter, sheltered factions and the more open, lenient factions.

Page 6
Attorney Bass notes the founding of the Sephardic girls’ school in Emanuel, Beit Rachel and Leah, under the Mayan-Shas network, which at the time had only a small first grade.

He notes the various options that the parents explored – having different tracts in the same building, or opening a new school. In the end, a new school was founded.

Page 7

“The two schools are administrated separately, with two different principals.”

Physical separation between the two schools – fact or fiction?

“…photographers claimed that the cloth that was placed on the (pre-existing) fence prevented the girls from seeing each other. This is not true. Only part of the fence was covered. The yard surrounds the school from four directions, and the girls (from both schools) are able to see and play with each other. The (media) portrayal of two completely separate sections of the school yard…is not true.”

Page 8

“Were the students in the two schools divided according to ethnicity? The plaintiffs claim yes (the top of this page exhibits the plaintiffs’ claim)….The original school has 107 Sephardic girls and 32 Ashkenazim. The percentage of Ashkenazim is thus 23%. The new (Chasidi) school has 58 Ashkenazi girls and 21 Sephardim. The percentage of Sephardim is thus 27%....I repeat that…anyone interested in registering their daughters in the new school and ready to accept the school’s way of life was not refused.

“I spoke to the plaintiffs and asked for one instance of parents who asked to register their daughter and was refused and they had no such case.

He goes on to discuss the legal technicalities of opening a new school, licensure and so forth.

Page 11
Again -physical separation between the two schools – fact or fiction?

Attorney Bass reiterates that accusations of physical barriers between the two schools were exaggerated and that indeed there was free access between the girls of both schools. He notes that the new school occupies (the third floor) rooms which were unused. (The third floor had housed the high school, and was vacated in September 2004 when the high school got its own building.)


Paragraph 6 on page 11 addresses the plaintiffs’ accusation that the girls in each school were forbidden contact with each other. Attorney Bass notes that there was no such ordinance issued by the school.

Page 12

More on the culture of Emanuel – Sheltering childrenHere, Attorney Bass sensitively notes the great variety that exists in the Haredi world, despite its outward uniform appearance in dress. He suggests that non-Haredim attempt to understand the mentality of sheltering from the outside world, and that the more strict and sheltered Haredim would understandably be wary of having their children have close contact with more lenient and worldly Haredim.

Page 13, paragraph 22
Was there ethnic discrimination in the Beis Yaakov Emanuel?

“The division was not ethnic, it was religious. I am convinced that there is no ethnic discrimination.”


Conclusion:


When ethnic discrimination actually occurs, we must combat it with all our might. I express my sorrow about complaints like these - thrown in the air - that increase hatred among Israel, and are totally baseless.”


Signed
Attorney Mordechai Bass

 

Typed:





ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืก, ืขื•"ื“

 ืื‘ื™ืขื–ืจ 12

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 97287


ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›"ื— ื‘ืื“ืจ ื ื—ืชืฉืกื™׳ื—

02/03/08

ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“

ื’ื‘ ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™

 ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืชื•ืš ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืช

28/01/08 ืžื™ืžืช ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ ׳*ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, ืืฉืจ ืชื—ืช ืกืžืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืื—ื“ ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคื“ ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืœื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”? ืืช ื”ืœื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื™ ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™. ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขื“ 27-03/08.

ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ื—ืŸ ื–ืช ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ □ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื—ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืžืกืจ ืœื™ ืžืืช

■ ืขืชื™ื“ ืื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื .ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ืžืจ ืจืงืข, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ืื—ืจ, ืฉืืกืคืชื™ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืฉืจื“ืš ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื’ื‘* ืœื‘ื ื” ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืจ* ื•ื’ื‘* ืฉื•ืฉ ืืคืจื’ืŸ, ื•ืขืก ืื ืฉื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™. □׳06/02/08 ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื— ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ืžื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ื”-**ื•ืชื™ืง*׳ ื•ืขื ืžื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ื”-״ืชื“ืฉ"*, ื›ืžื• ื’ืก ืขืก ื›ืžืช ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจ ืžืชืชื™ืง ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืกืฃ ื›ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื, ืขืš־ื›ืžื™ ื‘־ 20/02/38.

ืื ื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื ืžื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืœื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืชืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืชื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.

ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื“ ืืกื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื™ ื”ืขืœืชื”, ืฉืื›ืŸ ื›ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจ *ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘** ื›ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืฆืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืœื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžืขืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืืŸื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื—ืžืขื—ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื™ื, ืœืฉื ื™ ื›ืชื™ ืฉืคืจ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ื”, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื” ืฉื›ื•, ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ืžืชื• ืš ื›ืจื™ื ื” ืœื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืืคืœื™ื” ื›ื–ื•. ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื’ืื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืขืจ ืœืžืžื“ ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืื” **ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™*/ ื”ื•ื

ื‘-23, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื‘ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจืŸ ื›־^3ืœ. ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ืœื ืืงืจืื™ืช ื›ื•ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื”, • ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืกื‘ืจ ืืœื˜ืจื ืกืง:? ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ืขื“ืชื™ืช. ืื•ืœื, ื—ืกื‘ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื–ื” ืž$ืŸ ืœื™, ื”ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืžื ืฉื•ืจ. ืœื“ื ื™, ื•ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื™. ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื™ื " ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื•ื—,

ืžืกืงื ืช? ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืฆืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ ืกืคืจ ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื - ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ืจืงืžื” ื‘ื• ืžื’ืžื” ื ื•ื˜ืคืช, ׳ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช״, ื›ื˜ืขื ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ״ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื’ืœืชื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ืงื™ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืขืœ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืžื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง.

ืžืกืงื ืชื™ ื—ืžืกืžืช, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ื–ื– ืื™ืŸ ืž ืืคืœื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข "ืขื“ืชื™", ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืขื™ื™ื ื”? ื•ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื•ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžืคื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืคื™ ื”ืžืชืœื•ืžื™□ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื™ ืขื™ืžื. ืขืจืš ืžืฉื›ื ืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ืขื ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืจื”ื”ืจืจื™ืž ื™ื•ื–ืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืžื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื—ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืžืชื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื“ื ื˜ืขืชื™ื™ืžื, ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื• ืขื•ื“ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื›ืš ืœื ืกื™ืจื‘? ืœื ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ื“ืื™ื™ื” ืœืกืชื•ืจ ื˜ืขื ื” ื–? ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื—ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื, ืืก ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ " ืืคืœื™ื” ืŸื–



.ืžื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืขืจืฆื™ืง ื•ื”ื’ืงื•ืช ื™ืงื•ืš

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘" ื‘ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื” ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื•ืžื ื•ื”ืœ, ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ "ื“.^ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืžื™", ื‘ื™ื“ื™ "ืžืจื›ื– ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™". ื’ืจืฃ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืงืก ื‘-953ื’, ื›ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืขืจืžืช ื—ื™ื’ื•ืš ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”. ืžืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืžื ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ״ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืฉื”ื ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื”ืžื“ืขืช ืžืงืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”״״ืžื”ื™ืจ־ ืฉืืชื• ืจืฉืžื•".

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื™ืงื›ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ "ื˜ื–^ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืžื™" " ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉืื™ื’ื• ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ืชื” ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืืš ื”ื•ื›ืจื• ื›-״ืžื•ืกื“ ืžื–^ืจ♦' ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš* * ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช; ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืœืื”, ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžืœื'ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ ื•ื™ื ื—ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช ืืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉืจืฅ ื‘ื“ื™ืฉื•? <£ื™ ื—ื•ืง ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืžื™ืช "ืœื™ื‘ื”* ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™־״ื—ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช".

ืžืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื–ืœื’ื”ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืืชื• ืจืฉืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ื ื‘ื“ืงืช •ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื! ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ * ื”ืื ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื• ืžืชื•ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•, ื”ืืก ื—ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™, ื—ืืก ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืืฉ, ื”ืืก ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•, ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•, ื“ื™ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืฃ; ืฉืžืช, ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ืชื•ื›ื‘ืœ, ื”ืืก ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื“ื™ืงื• ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ื”ืืก ื”ื•ื ื ืขืจืš ืœืœืžื“ ืื” ״ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”" ื•ื‘ื•? ■־


" , 3

ืžื›ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื ืงืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื•ื“ืง, ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ืช, ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื" ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ืจ, ืžืขืจืš ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื, ืžื™ืงื•ื“ื•, ื“ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกืคืงืชื™□ ืฉืžืงืฆื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžืขืจืš ื—־ืŸ ืื™ื’ื•ื– ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื—ืฉ ืœื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืงืฆื™ืช ืœื—ื™* ืจืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืžืžื™ืœื, ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืœื” ืจื•ืคืฃ. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื. ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื ืงืช ืชืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื™ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืคืจ ืžื•^ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืฉืžื›ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื•.

7. ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ืขื“ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื‘ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืจื’ ื”ื‘ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืงืชื™-ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•,-

ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ■ . ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื“ ื”ื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื•ื” ื›ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœ□ ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“! ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• (ื“ืื• ื‘ื’״ืฅ 8/69? ื‘ืจื’ืžืŸ ื ื™ ืฉืจ ืžืื•ืฆืจ, ืค״ืš ื‘1(1) 693). ื”ืฉื•ื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ื™ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ื‘ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืก ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขืจื›ื• ื•ื”־ื–, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื“□ ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช1

ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช ืืคืœื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœื”, ืœื ื–ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉ ืขืœ ืงืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื ื’□ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื•ื‘ื™ืงืกื™ื‘*. ืืคืœื™ื” " ืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื. ื–ืืช, ืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืชื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช. ืืคืืจ! ืคืกื•ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ืขืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืขื™ื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืจืขื“ื™ื™ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืคืœื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœื”. ื•ื‘ืš ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืžืชื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” (ื›ื‘׳ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืจืงื•ืœ! ־

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื”ืคืœื™ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, "ืืคืœื™ื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื’ืก ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื• ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื”־ ืžืฆื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืคืœื”״ ืŸื‘ื’״ืฅ 1163/03, ืคืกืงื” 18). ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืœื™ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืืก ืชื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจ! ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืชื• ืชื•ืฆืืช ืžืคืœื—, ื’ืก ืืก ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ื›ืœ ืคื•ืชื— ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืก ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืคืขื•ืœืชื” ื ื•ืขืจื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืœื™ืช. ื‘ื‘ื’״ืฅ 2671/98, ืฉื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ! ื’ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืค״ื“ ื’3(0 684,630, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื—ืฉื™ืŸ ־ ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ •ืขื•ื“ ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจ! ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืื”; ืžืชื ื‘ื• ืชื”ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื—ืจื“ืช ื•ื–5:ื” ื›ื“ืœ״ืฉืชื”ื, ืืก ื—ืชื•ืฆืื•ื– ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืžืžืขืฉื”ื• ืชื•ืฆืืช~ืช>ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื, ื™ื™ืคืกืœ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื›ืœื־־ ื”ื™ื”?

ื•ื‘ืืŸ ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“, ื”ืชืฉื˜״ื- 2000? ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืคืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืชื•ืš־

ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื• ืื“ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื. ืœื ื™ืคืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขื“ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืงืข ื— ื‘ืจืชื™״ื›ืœื›ืœืง



ืื• ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”:

(1) ืจื™ืฉื™ื˜ ืชืœืžื™ื“, ืงืœืœืชื• ืื• ื”ืจื—ืงืชื• ืžืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืขื•ืฅ -

{3) ืงื˜ื ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื™ื˜ืš; {ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ)

ืื•ืœื, ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ืžืงืžืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื•ืจืŸ "ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™*/ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืœืœ ื™ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™. ื™ืฉื ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ืจื•ืŸ '*ืกืคืจื“ื™" ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื‘ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช "ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™׳/ ื™ืฉื ืก ื›ืืœื” ืฉื’ื•ื•ื ื˜ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืชืคืฆืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ื™ืจืช ื›ืืœื” ืื• ืื—ืจื•ืช,

ื›ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืื•ืกืจื•ืช ืืคืœื™ื™ืช?

ืฉืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ: ื”ืื—ืช, ื‘ื“ืžื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืจื•ืฉืœื™□ ■ (ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื•ืงื•ืŸ)?

ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื™ ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“□ ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื™ ืกืžืจ ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืžื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•׳ื ืชืคื•ืชื™ืช. ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื ื•ื–ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื›ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื ื™□ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจื‘ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื’ืก ืืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜, ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื•. ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืชื‘ื ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขืชื• ื”ืžืจืช ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื“. ืื›ื™ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื›ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื–ื”ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืฉืœื™ืœื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื“ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืืš ืœืคื’ื•ืก, ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืžืจืงื ■ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืœื™ืœื” ื›ื–ื• ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ื›ืงื”ื™ืœืช, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช.

ืื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืคื— ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™□ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉืœ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ " ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื” (ื”ืฉื•ื•: ื‘ื’״ืฆ ?4112/9 ืขื“ืืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื™ืจื™ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ื•ืื—/ ืค״־ื“ ื˜(5־) 393)

ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ื• ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื™ื™□ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™□; ืž.ื‘.) ื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื™ื. ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื–ื•■ ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ืืฆื” ื‘ืฉืžื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืชื•ืžืก [85ืž01ื’ื”ืจืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช (1995) 70 8(1 515 ืข ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืจืฉืช /ืก /ืžื‘>ื˜£ ื–ืฉื™ืก^ (1954) 483 3ืก 347 ,ืž^ืขืฉ^ ืœืžืกื™ื•ื’ื•ื— ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ื˜ืจืจื™ื™ื ืื• . ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคื“, ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.

ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจืฉืช ืืฉืจ ืชื“ืžื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžื›ืจืขืช

ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื—״ื‘^ ืœื ืคืชืจื” ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื—ืก .ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืืชืจ "ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื•ืš ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื. ืฉืืœื” ืž ืื™ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ืช. ืžืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ืื“ื•ืงื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ืจื”. ืœื—ื ื‘ืจื–ืชื”

6 ืฉื–ื™׳ืก 3.^320^ ืžื’ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืืœืงื›ืœืกื™ ื’. ื”ื˜ื•ืžื–ื– ื”ืžืงื•ืžืช ืžื“ืจ ืขื™ืœื™ื—, ืžืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘־1/06/04.ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืฉืž ืœืงื—ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืžืื™ื ืžืจื ืž ??ืœ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ืจ.ืกื•69ืž.


 

 

 

 

 




5

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืฉื—. ืืš ื’ืก ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืคืจื“ืช ื–ื•ืจืข ื˜ื™ืกื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืคื•ื ืข ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืชื“ืžื™ื•ืช, ืžื”ื• ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืš ืœื’ืคืจื“ื–

ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ .ื›ื“ื• ื” ื—ืชื™ ืจืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขืชืงืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชื’ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ื•ืืจื”׳ > ื‘, ืœืชืฉืœ) ืœืจืžืชื” (ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ืื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื•ื–ื›ื“ื— ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœ\,

ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื•ืงื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ื™ืกืง ื“ืชื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืก ืชื—ืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช, ื”ืžืชื™ืจื” ื”ืชืื“ืžื•ืช ืงื—ื™ืœืชืœืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื“ืช? ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื™ื›ื™ื—. ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืื™ื™ื”, -.ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื—ืœ? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื—ื ื” ื’ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืก ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื“ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืช ืชื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื• - ื”ืงืžื” ืžื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช .ืžืชื‘ื“ืœืช  ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ - ืืคืœื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืชื‘ืืก ื”ืขื“ืชื™ ืžื›ืœื” ืืคืœื™ืช ืคืกื•ืœื”, ืื•ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื›ืžื”. ืืžื ืก, ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื›ืจ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช * ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืขื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื“ื— ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืกืง ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ■ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื™ืงื™ื— * ืืš ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืœืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœืขืœืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื–? ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื• ื”ืขื“ืชื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื, ืืœืขื• ืžืคืœื”.

■ ื•ืžืช ื‘ืืžืช ืงื“ื— ื’ืขื ื™ืชื 1

?. ื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืžืจื•? ื—ืงื™ื™ืฉืชื— ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื* ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืžืœื•ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืจืจื™ืช ืžืžื•ื’ื•ื’,. ื—ืœืงื” ื™ื™ื—ื˜ื™ื“ื™ืช׳/ ื”ืœืงื”''׳ืœื™ื˜ืื™ืช" ื•ื—ืœืงื” ״ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช״, ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ื˜ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืื• ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ? ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ื—ืจื“ื™ ืžืจื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืš ืžื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืก ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืงื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชืื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”; ืฉื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื™ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื›ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ืขื•ืš - ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืงื”ื™ืœื— ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื”* ืœื ื™ืฆืจ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืขืžื ื•ืืœ. ื•ืืช* ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”* ืžื›ื” ื”ื™ืงืคื• ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืฆื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ (ื›*00ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืกืš ืจื›ืœ/ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื* ืืžื ื, ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืžืžืก, ื”ืื—ื“ "ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™" ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ "ืžืคืจื“ื™"*, ืืš ืขื“ ืœืฉื‘ื— ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืžืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ "□ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื•ืจ? ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืคืจืฉืชื’ื•.

0ื’. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืœ "ืงื–ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”" ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืจื“? ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ืืžื ื* ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืชืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืš ืœื ื”ืชื ื”ืœ "ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช". ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืคืจ ื ื•ื˜ืฃ. ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื”, ื”ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื“ืง ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื›ืชื™ืœื” ื”-״ืืฉืคื˜ื™ืช" ืื• ืฉืžื ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจืช* ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืž, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื™ืžื ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ื•ืขื“ืชื•ืชื™ื”ื ืกืชืจื• ื–ื• ืืช ื–ืจ ืœืืื‘ื•ื ืœื•&ืจื™ืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื› ืžื” ื’ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจืขื•ื– ื›ื–ื• ืื™ื’ื” ื—ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืžื™ ืœืฉืจืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืžื“ื” ืœื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืจืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืขืช ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ืจื™□ ื’ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” "ืฉื“ื™ื™ื?, ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืจื‘ ืžืฉืœื—, ื”ืžืขื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืžืขื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืœืง ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืจืฉ ืืจื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขื—ื•ื• ื›ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœื ื ืงื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™

13/03/2008

 

5.


ืื“ืชื•ืช ืžืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช .ืœื—ืœื—ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืžื™ื”ื, ืœืžื•ืช ׳ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืชื—ืจื“ื”ืช ื”ื•ื•ื—/ืงืžืš,-ื•ื–ืžืชื—3ื›ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื™ื˜ืŸ-ื‘ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžื•ื™ืŸ^ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื”ื˜ืขื˜ืช ื—ื•ืฉืžืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืฉื›ืžื•ืก ื•ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™□ ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืืช ื˜ืชืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ื“ืจื• ื’ื ื‘ื” ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืชื ืชืจื“ื™ืก ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื. ืชื”ื ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื ื“ืขืช* ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืฆืœื•ืช ื˜ืกืช ื•ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื™ื—, ืฉื”ืกืขื ื— ืื™ืžื” 3ืŸื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื•ืขื’ื™ืก ืื™ื—ื”. ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ื•, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื™ ืขืก ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืชืœื•ื’ื’ื—ื ื‘ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžื™ื›ื—ืช? ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื—ืจื‘, ืœืจืขืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื ืขื“ืจืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช? ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื™ื—ื™ ืžืฉืชื˜־ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืชืืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉื›ื ื’ื“, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื˜ื•ื‘ืžืง ืื™ืžื” ื’ืงื™ื™ืช?

ื˜ื‘ืœ ืžืงื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืชื˜ืจืก ื”ืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘, /?ื•ืชืคื™ืก ืœืžื•״ืž ื”ื™ื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื, ืขืกืงื ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™□ ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ืืš ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ืจื— ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘011ืช. ื’ืจื•ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืช •ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืš ืช^ืžืื™, ืื• ืžืช ืกืคื“ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืกืคืจื“ื™, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื•ืข<ืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืกื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ืžื’ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืœื›ืœืœ ืกื™ืžื ืจืฉืžื™ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ.

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื—, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืงื™ืฅ 2007, ื ืงื˜ื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— : ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืคืฆืœ.ืืช ืžืช ื”ืกืคื“ "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘" ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืž ื—ืœืงื™ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, "ื—ืกื™ื“ื™", ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืจืง ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช "ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช" <ืขืœ ื›ืš - ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ืžื•ืื“ ื”ื—ืœื” ืงื‘ืชื•ื”ืืžืจืช, ืฉืจืžืจื›ื–ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ ״ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื•ืช״ " ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืชืชื•□.ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ืžื’ืžื™ื’ืฆื• " ืžื–ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืช ืกืคืจ ืกืคืจื“*.

ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ■ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฅ־ืžืฆื‘ืช ืขืžื˜ืืœ, ׳ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื ื•ืจ ืื›ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืœ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืžืคืจื“ื™ ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘, ื”ืžืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืžืขื—ืœื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื–ื”, ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืž ืงื™ื™ืกืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืชื” ื׳ ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžื—ืžืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื ืจืฉืžื•ืช1, ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื™ื•ื™ืžื™ ืžื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื”ื™ื—ื“ื ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืจ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžืฆื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื”: ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืคื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘". ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืงื™ืฅ, ื‘ื›ืžื” ื›ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ־ ื—ื ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืžื’ืขื™□ ืขื ืžืจื’ื• ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืœืกืงืžืก;

־ ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืฅ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืืžื”, ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ื‘ื™ืช *ืขืงื‘" ืฉืขืžื“ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื•ืžื ื”ืขื‘ื™ื“ื•<ื‘ืงืจื‘

• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื• ืœืžืก ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช, ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื—ื™ืคืžื— ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื‘ืžืชื™ื–ื–ืก ืืœื™ื™*1- ืžืจื‘ื• ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื”ืžืžื“ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื™ื–ืžื” ืื•ืœื ■ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ■ ื› .׳ืฉื”ื• ื ืขืชืจ ืœื•/ ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื” ื›ืžื” ื™ืžืื™ื,-ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืงื•ื™ืžื• ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื־. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืžืจื›ื– ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืช■ ืกืคื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืืœื ืชื•ืงื ืจืง ื˜ื’ื˜ื” "ืžื”ื˜ื™ืจื”" ื‘ืžื” ื”ืกืคื“ ื”ืงื“ื™ื1? ืฉืžืช, ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื—ื ื” ืื— ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื›ืœืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืคืงื“ ื‘ื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœืช ื“ืžืจื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ 1ืž ืฉื˜ืจืŸ, ื•ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื—ื—ื“ืฉืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืคื”





 

7

ืœื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื•ื—. ืชื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉืขื•ื” ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืขืกืงื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื—ื™ื.

ืืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืฉ, ื‘ื™ ืกืคื’ื™ืฉืชื™ ืขืก ืื ืฉื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื“ื–ื—ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื˜ืขื ื• ืืœื— ื‘ืื–ื’ื™ื™, ื›ื™ ืžื•ื– ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืื—ื“, ื ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช, ื—״ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช" ื•ื—ืจื’ื™ืœื—, ื—ื ืืฃ ืชื•ืกื™ืคื•, ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ื– ื™ ืกื›ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื”ืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืžืกืžืจ ืžืงื•ืžืจืช ื•ืชื ืžืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืชื—ืช ืกืžืœ ื‘ื™״ืก ืื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœ ื”ืžืกื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื ืžื’ืžืช ื‘ื’ื™ืก ื•ืžื’ืžืช .ืžื•ืช,

ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืฉืขื’ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ืช ืž ืžื•ืœ ื—ืžืคืงื—ื”, ื’ื‘׳ ืื™ืจื ืฉืกื™ืฅ. 03 ืืœืžืฉื˜ืœืœืŸ ืื™ืฉืจื” ื›ืœ ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื•ืคืขื” 0*3 ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืš ืชืขืฆืžื? ืชื—ืช ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืคืจ ืื—ื“, ?0 ืฉื—ื™ ืžื’ืžื“ืช ื’ืคืจื“ื•ื“ืง ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื’ืžืก ืœื—ื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžื ื—ืœ ืื—ื“. ืืฆืœื ืง ื‘ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืคื•ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฅ ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช.

14. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ; ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืชืฉืก׳*ื— ื ־ืคืชื“ื–ื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ื—ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ืžื—ืžืžื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ:

{ื) ืžื” ืชืฉืžืจ ืžืกืชื’ืœ, ืžืฉื™ืช, ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื’ื ื”, ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืชื“ืจื•ืš, ืžืœืœ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื“ืžื•ืช. ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ื‘ื’׳ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ืžื” -ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืขื™ื“ื• ื”ื ื’ื“ื™, ืžืฆื™ื™ื— ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช. ืชื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืฆืœื• ืืฉื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืก, ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื”ืœืงื— ื”ืื—ื“, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงื•ืžืช ื—ืขืœื™ืชื•ื– ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืจ ื—ื™ื•ื—ื™ืง, ืฉืืœื™ื• ื ื›ื’ืกื™□ ืžืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื•ื—ืœืงื” ืชืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื›ืžืกื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื›ืงื™ืจ ื—ื’ื‘ืก ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื“ืœืช, ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื” (ืขื•ืœืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื” ื ืขื•ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืกืžืจื” ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืืžืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช 'ื“ืชื”, ื“ืจืš ื‘ืœืœ, ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“. ื’ื ื—ืฆืจ 1ื™ืช ื—ืกืคื–/ ื”ืžืงื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืงื‘ื™^ืกื‘ื™ื’,. ื—ื™ืœืงื” ืœืฉืžื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื—ืฆืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™© ืœืžืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื›ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื•ื”ืื—ืจ ืœืžื“ืช■ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื“ืฉ. ืขืœ ื’ื’ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื—ืžืžืจื™ืชื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืžืชื— ื™ืจื™ืขืช ื›ื“ ื™ื•ืžืช. ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื•ื• ื”ื•ืกืจื” ื™ื–ืžื• ืžื” ืœืื—ื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™©, ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื“ืจื• ื‘ืฉืœื–ื•ื™ื–ื™ื— ื‘ืขื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื”.

ื‘ืขื™ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืืœื” ืืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื— ืฉื ืœื”ืชืช ■ืœืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืชื—ืžื•, ื›ืื™ืœื•■ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืื˜ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ื•ืžื ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืฆื“ >׳ื—ื“ ืœืจืื•ื— ืืช ื—ื‘ืœื–ืชื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืขื ื” ื ืžื•ื’ื”. ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื›ื™ืกืชื” ื“ืง ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื— ืžื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื’ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ ืœืฆื“. ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ื•; ื”ื—ืœื“ ืคืงืขืžื– ืืช .ืžืช ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ื‘ืืžื•! ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ื”^ืจ. ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืœ ื’ื“ืจ ืžืŸ ืฉื’ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ืœื•, ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื ื–ื• ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœืœื ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™. ืืชื ื™ ืขื“ืข ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื□ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื—ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืœื•, ืื• ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆืœ, ืืคืฉืจื™ืช־ ืžื–ื™ืช ื–ื•, ืืš ื—ืฆื’ืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื›ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ืก ืคื—ื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื™ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ืžืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืืžื–ืœื™ืช, ืื™ื ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช.

(ื‘) . ืฉื’ื™ ื‘ืžื™ ืชืกื‘ืจ ืžื’ื•ื—ืœื™ืž ื‘ื’ืžื“ื“, ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช* ืขื ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืŸ □-2/0$^06 ืฉืืœืชื™

ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ืš ื—ืžืืžื™ืชื™© ׳ืฉืœ ืœื•ื’ื™־ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžืช ื”© ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื. ื’ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืžื•ืช ืืœ ืฉื’ื™ ื•ื–ื—ืœืงื™ืก .ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืฉื™ื—ื—, ืœืกื™ืจื•ืžืŸ^ ื›ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“, ืžื•ืคืจื“ ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืืœ ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืช* ืกืคืจ. ■ ืืžืž3 ื‘ืชืฉื“ื‘ื— ืœืฉืืœื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื–ืจื– ืžืช ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“. ืื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืข□ ื–ืืช,,ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ■ื‘ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื‘, ื’ื™ ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื ื•ื”ืœ □ืœื™ ืžืขื™ืจืžืช ืฉืœื”? **ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” (ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืงืž? ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ืฉ0< ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœ*.... .ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ืงื”ื• ืฉื‘ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืžืžื™ื–.", ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉ□ ืœืžืจื›ื–ืช, ืืก ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช.ื”ืชื‘ื’ื™ืก ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉื—ื•".", ื’ื‘׳ ืฉืฉื“ืš ื’© ื”ื‘ื’ื™ื’ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ื—ื™ื›ื“ื–ืช ืขื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืคื™ื—ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉ< ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืืก ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ื—ื“ืจ ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื ืžื“ื“ ืชืฉื”ื‘ื”! "ืœื ื”ื“ืขืช, □ื ืจืื”."". ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ื™ 'ืชืื“ ■ืืช ื™ืจื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื” ■ืขืœ ื ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ืชื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื” ื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ื”,

ื’

ืชื”ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื ื&ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ื“ ืืกืชืจื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ■ืžืช ืชืกืคืจ ืชื—ื“ืฉ: "*ืžื“ืžื•ืช", *ืžืžืชื—* ืื• ื›ืœ ื›ืขืช ืื—ืจ. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ืฉื˜ื—, ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื—ืœืช ืืช ืžืช ื”ืžืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืจืื•ืกืชืจืžื™ื” ื‘ืœืžื” ื•ืื™ื’ื ื” ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืœื’ื‘* ืฉื˜ืจ4 ืžื ื”ืœื•ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง.

01 ื—ื“ื“ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ื“ ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื™ืกืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื•- ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.

(ืž ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื”ื”ื’ื” ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”. ืฉืชืจื“ ืžืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื–ื˜ืžื“ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง.

1ื” ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ืชื•ืš ื•ื–ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉืชื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ื—ื“ื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื™ื, .ืืœ ื’ื‘* ืฉื•ืฉ ืืคืจื’ืŸ, ืž-7ื >/2$/09, ืชืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคื“ ื•ืœื ■ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคื“. ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื—ืจื‘ ืœื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ื›ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ:

ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘״ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืž" ื›ืืœื• ืื• ืื—ืจื•ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืข ืžื—ืชืœืชื—, ืืœื ืงื–ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ื’ืžื—ื™ืฆื™ืช ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคื“ ื‘ืœื ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื•ืช ื‘ืœ ืื”ื“ ืžื‘ืžื™ ืชืกืคืจ. ื›ื“ืจืš ื—ืกื›ืข, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื’ื™ ื‘ืช* ืกืกืจ ื•ืžืฆืื™□ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื”ืคืจื“ืช ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื™׳ ื‘ื™ืช*׳ืก. ื”ื’ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฆืงื™ ืฉื’ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›^ืืคืœื™ื” ื’ื–ืขื™ืช", ื”ืชื• ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื“ื ื• ืืชื ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื ื•ื— ืขืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ื™ืจืจ׳ืก ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืื ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืฉื›ืจื•: ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ)

ืืžื ื, ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื“ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื›ืชืžื• ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืกื›ืžื‘ืจ 2007, ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืชืืจ ื“ื•ืจื” ืœื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ืชื“ื‘ืจื™□ ืื”ื“ืช, ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคื“ ืื”ื“, ืืš ื‘ื“ื•ื“, ืฉื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืชื™ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืช ื›ืžืฉื™ื— ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืžืจ ื•ืœืืชืจ ืžื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ.

15. ืžืืŸ ืื’< ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืฉื ืื–ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื™ืŸ : "ืœื‘ื”ืžืช ืžืฉืขื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฆื’ื“ ืจืžื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ •■*ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘* ื›ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, ืืฉื“ ืชื—ืช ืกืžืœ ืžืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืฉื’ื™ ื‘ืช* ■ืกืžืจ**.

ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื—ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืฉืžืžื’ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ืžืชื™■ ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืžืžื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคื“ ืื”ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ ื›ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืชื•ื•ื” ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ื’ืก ׳ื›ืืŸ ืžืงืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืžื. ืื•ืœื, ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื” ื“ื ืŸ! ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ืจืŸ ื”ืคืจื“ืช ืชืฆืจ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื; ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื•ืช; ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช, ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช, ื›ืชืฆืงืœื“ืŸ, ืžืกื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช. ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื•ืžื›ื•ืœ. ื’□ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ื›ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•, ืžืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข, ืœืœื ื”ื™ืกื•ืก, ื‘ื™ ืืœื” ืฉื ื™ ื’ืช׳ื™ ืกืคืจ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.

16. ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ, ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ืขืฉื”, ืœืจื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ืจืš ื›ื”ืคืจืช ื›ืœืœื™□ ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ׳

(ื) ืžื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—, ื›ืจื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ ืž ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ >*ืจื•ื– ื™ืขืงื‘"* ื›ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืคืจ ื•ื–ื—ื–״ืฉ ■ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœื›ืืจื’־ื”! ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง!


9

<ื‘) ื˜ืขื™ืฃ 1% ืœื—ื•ืง ืคื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ. ื”ืชืฉื›׳ื™ื˜- ืงื•ื‘ืข .ืž "ื›ืขืœ ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืข ืœืžื’ื—ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ 3ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ) ืขืœ ื‘ืœ ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื– ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœื• ื›ื›ืงืฉื— ืœืจืฉืงืŸ ืื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจ&ื•ืชื™ื”*, ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ ืฉื’ืขืฉื” ืฉืžื”, ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช. ื—ืœืง ืž! ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœื• ื›ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื™ืฉืชืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืขืชื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงืžื”.ืืคื•ื ื—ื•ื’ื” ืœืžื•ื— ืœื“ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ■ืฉืœื ื’ืขืฉื”. ืจื‘ื‘ ื™ืชื ื“ื›ืจ ื•ืž ืงืœ ื‘׳ืœื™ืžืจ? ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืชืชืžื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืžืŸ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ■ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื•ื”ืื ืœื ื’ืขืฉื• ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื™ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืจื” ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื” ืืคื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช "ื˜ื›ืžืช4 ื—ื•ืงืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื—ื•3ืž ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืŸ

ืž ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื—ืœื™ืฉื•ื“ื™ืž ืฉื•ืœื— ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• (ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื—ืžื‘ื‘״ื˜). ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืžืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืœืœืช, ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื—ืคื™ืžืชืง ื›ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ื”ืŸ ืืช ■ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ืง ื•ื—ืŸ ืื•ื– ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืžืžื™ืฆืœืช ืœืฉืชื™ื™ืก, ื”ืื—ืช 3ื‘ื™ืž ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ4? ื“ื•ื— ืžืžื ื›״ื˜ ืื™ื•ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืคื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื”ื‘

(ื“) ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืคื ื” ืžืฉืœื“ ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ืืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื—ื™ื’ื“ืš - ^ืฆืžืื™ ื•ื”ื ื—ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื’ื›ื“ื˜ืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ืกืžื•*1, ื•ื‘ืš ื ืืžืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช .-

ืชืœื™ืš ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื—ื™ื” ืฉื™ื—ืชื™ ื•ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจืš 5 ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืžืก * ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืฉืžื˜ื’ืจืž ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ;

ืชืงืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ - ื™ืื•ืฉืจ ืข״ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืชื•ืš

ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืชืงื ื•! ื—ื‘ื™ื•ื’ ืกืคื“ื™... ื•ื”ืฆื’ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ื‘ื›ืงืขื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฉื•□;

ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ". ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื“ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื 5 (ืžื›ืชื‘ 3ื‘> ืื‘ื“ืžื•ื›ื™ืฅ׳ ืœืจื‘ ืœื•ืจื™ื ืž- 5/01/07*0

ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 13 ื•ื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื™ืข ืžืžืฆื ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ □ืฉืืœื” ืขื“ ื‘ืžื” ื•ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ื ืฉืžืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื, ื“ื’ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืืชื• ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ื”ืชื’ื—ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ืคืจื•, ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื‘ื•ื˜ื”! ืชืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื™ื— ืชืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืื•ืฉืจ; ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืื™ื’ื’ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช; ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื, ื ื ืืก ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื ื” ืฉืœื ื’ืฉืžืจื– ื›ืกื•ื“, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ,

4ื–) ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื— ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš ืคืจื™ืงืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœ, ื—ืŸ ืขื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ; ืชืŸ ืขื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื“ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืžื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืฆืžืก ืœื”ืœืŸ; ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ื’ืข ืžื›ืš.

47 ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืฉืืœืชืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: "ื”ืื ־ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื›ืจ "ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืœื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™ ื’ื’ื“ ื”ืœื™ืžื“ื•ืชื‘ื•"

 


48  ืฉืืชืืจ ื” ืชืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›9ื™ืžืœื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื‘ืชืž^ ื˜ืขื ืช ื—ืžื”ืœืžืžื*' ■

ื”ื™ื” ื•ื” ื›ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉืœ ืฉื ื— ืชืฉืก״ื–, ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื“ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืกืžืš ื‘ืฉืžื–ื™׳ืœ ืชืฉืก׳״ืจ; ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืฉืžื–ื™ื“ืช ื”ื•ืฉืžื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืจ <ืงื™ื“ื•ื–4 ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื• ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื“ืช, ืช:ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื ืคืฅ׳ ืชื•ืช ืœ״ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื•ืช" ืจ^ื–ืคืจื“ื™ืจืช".

ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืžื• ื˜ืฉื•ื ื—ืก ืชืขืœื™ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘?ืž ื—ืกื™ืคืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”&ื”ื—ืง ืชืชื—ืชื•ื™ ื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื•ืช.

ืื ืœื ืž ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ื–ื•ืงืžื• ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืฉืชื™ืกืžื•ืช ื”ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘׳ื™ืฅ ืฉื ื™ *ืื’ืคื™" ื›ื™ืช ื”ืกืžืš.

^ืจืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื ืžืชื—ื• ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื“, ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ืชื•ื‘ืœื ื”, ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”, □ืžืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”״ืืฉื›ืกื™* ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ืช״ื˜ืžืจื“ื™". ื™ืชื“ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ; ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ืจ״ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™" ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกืงืช ืฉืชื•ืช ืžืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืช״ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ืชื™ืชื ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื™ื’ืข ืขื ื‘ื’ืจื” ื”ืื ืฃ ื”״ืกืคืจื“ื™".

ื’ืก ืฉืขืช ืชื•ื–ื™ืœืž ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ืž ื•ืงื™ ื™ื™ืžืก ■ื›ืฉื ื™ ืื’ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื•ืžื ื™ืก ืฉืชื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื—״ืืฉื›ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื ืชื™ื™ืชืงืœื’ืช, ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”,. ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื—״ืกืคืจื“ื™" ื‘ื‘ื•ืืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆืื”ืŸ.

1ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ืงื™. ื–ืฉืงื™ื™ืก;ืช ืž . ืœืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื•, ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื” ื•ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื—״ืืฉื›ืžื™" ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื›ื“ื™ืœืื•ืชืš ืžื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ื™ ׳ืžื•ืจื—ื™״.

ืง!.. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขืžืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ืžืžื™ืช ื˜ืขื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื—, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงืžืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ืืจื’ ื ื›ื•ื’ื•ืชื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ ืฆื•ืจืŸ/ ืœืคื™ื›ืš> ืœื—ืžืจ ื•ืœื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื—. ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกืคื“ ืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืฆืœ, ื›ื™ืžื™ืช, ืœืฉืžื™ื˜, ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืืคื•ื ื‘ืฉืืจ■ ;ื‘ืจืกื™ืก ืชืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ื™ืก ืฉืžืžื™ืก ื”ืžืชืœืชืชืก;

^6 ื”ืืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืกื™ืง ืขื“ืชืง ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขืžืก ืฉื›ืŸ. ืœื˜ืขื ื”ืก, ื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื”ื*/ ื”ื•ืคืจื“ื• ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืกื‘ืจืจื™ื™ืž, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืืจืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื“ื™ื•ืช "ืกื‘ื•ืจื•ืช" ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื›ื“ื™ "ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขืžืžื™□ ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘". ืžืจื‘! ืžื—ื™ืžืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• ืžื›ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ื•ืืฃ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ *ื‘ื‘ื•ืขืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ [ื”ืชื• ืฉ] ืœืžืขืงื” ื›ื•-35% ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื—״19, .

ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื. ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ื™ืช ื—ื˜ืคืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืขืช ื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ื“ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ■ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืชื•ืš ื—ืœื•ืงืชืŸ, ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืชื” ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืœ" "ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื•ืช" ื•ืœ-״ื˜ืคืจื“ื™ื•ืช". ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกืคื™ืจืช ืช ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื™. ื’ืก ืื ื™ ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืฉืœ? ื”ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืžื“ืœ ื”ื›ื’ื•ืž ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืืœื ืžื•ืœ ืžืžื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื’ืคื ื™. ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืง ืขืชื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ืขืก ื’ื˜ ืื™ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืงื ื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื—ืชื ื•, ื›ืžืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื ืคืœื• ืžื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ืœื™. ืœืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆืื”, ืฉืฉืžื˜ ืžื’ืขื ื• ืœืื•ืจื ื” ืชื•ืฆืื” ? ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ื“ื“ื•ืชื™ืง ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ?10 ื‘ื ื•ื—. "ืกืคืจื“ื™ื•ืช" ื•~ื’3 ״ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื•ืช״. ื“ืชื™ื™ื” - ืฉื™ืขื•ื“ ืช״״ืืฉืžื•ื™ืชื“׳ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื– ื”ื•ื 23%. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ



ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื” □ืžื”  ืืฉืงื”ื™ื•ืช" 21-1 ”ื–ื–ืคื“ื“ื™ื—ื“'. ื“ื”ืžืž - ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”~״ื˜ืคืจื“ืกื—ื™' ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื 3

ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื— ืืฉื™ื’ ื•ืื–ื›ื•ืจ, □ื™ ืชืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืช״״ืžืชื‘ื“ืœื™ืก׳ื™ ืขื™ืžื ืฉื•ื—ื—ืช? ืจื–ืŸ ■ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžืช ืชืกืคืจ ื•ื—ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ืชื™ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืฉืขื ื• ื‘ืื–ื ื™? ื›ื™ ื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืกืชืชื•ืจื™ืก^ ืฉืžื™ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื“ื ืžืขื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืžืช ื•ื–ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื• ืขืžื™ื’ื– ื™ ืžืจื‘ืฆื™□ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืื— ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžืงื—ื™ืฆืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืœื—ื ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื•ืžืจื–ืก - ืœื■ ืก ื•ืจื›ืจ ื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ื˜ืขื ืช ื•ื• ื‘ืคื’ื™ ืื• ืฉื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขื™ืžื ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื—ื˜ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืคื’ื™ ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื”ื“ ื‘ืจ ืคืก ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื•3 ื‘ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืกื™ืจื•ื‘. ืชืชื‘ืจืจ ืงื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื .ืœื— ืฆื’ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืงืจืช ืงื•ืช*

(£3 ื”ืื ื ื’ื ืช ืงื™ืจ ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืชืื ื’ืžืชื—ืช ื™ืจื™ืขื•! ื‘ื“ <ื“ืกื” ืขืœ ?1ื“ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื—ืฆืจ: ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื * ื›ืš. ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืจื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ืจ ื ืžืชื—ืช. ื”ืื ื”ืชื–ื” ืžืกืจืช ืชื™ืจืœืขื” "ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื ื”, ืžื˜ ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื‘ืžืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื—״ืืฉืžื•ื™" ืœืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ื™ืชืจืคื“ืž*ืช ืื™ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืจืช ืžื•ืชืชื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฆื™ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืงื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื•ืœืงื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื“ ืืช ืžื’ืจืขืช. ืื•ืœื ื–ืืช ืื“ืข: ื’. ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื ื ืžืชื—ื” ״ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช" ืืœื ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจ; 2. ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืœื ื™ืงืœื— ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงืฉืจ ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื›ื™ืกืชื” ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืœืงืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื” ื•ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืืž5ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื ืงื•ืกื— ืŸ 5 . ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืœ ื—ืจืจ ืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช 41. ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื”ื•ืกืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช,

<ืž ืชืื ืžื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœื—ืœืง *׳ืขืœื™ ื•ืŸ". ื•ืœื—ืœืง "ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ" ื•ืžื™ืชืช ืžืงื•ื•ืฆืช:: ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื -

ื“ื ื•ืœื. ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื—-"ืžื”ื‘ื“ืœื™□" ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื ืชืจื• ืื—ืจ ืžืงืŸืก. ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ■ ืฉืชื—ืœื™ื˜" ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืฉื•ืคืฅ ืขืœ ■ื™ื“ื.

(ื“) ื”ืื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉืขื ืช ืžืžืฉืงื” ืฉืชื•ืช ืœืฉื— ื‘ืชื™ ืžืžืžื“ื™ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ׳׳ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื‘׳ ืฉื˜ืจืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื‘ืช ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื” ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื’ื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื” □ืชื•ืงืฃ ื“ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืขืฆื”ื‘ืฆื‘ืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” □ืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ ืžืงื— ื—ื™ื•ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืฉื›ื’ืžื– ืื”ื•ื“ื”, ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื’ื ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื• ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื”

ืช) ■ื”ืื ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืฉืขืช ืžื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืก ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื ื‘ื’ืกืจื“ ืœืฉื ื‘ืชื™ ืชืกืคืจื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื * ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื. ืžืขื ืช ื–? ื›ืงื•ื“ืžืชื”, ื”ื•ื›ื—ืฉื” ื‘ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืŸ ื ื’ืก ื‘ืืŸ ืžื—ื•ื–ืงืช ื”ื›ื—ืฉืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืœื ืžืชืŸ, ืฉืžื™ืช, ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื”ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.

ื•) ืžืื ื’ืืกื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืกืคื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื‘ืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกืคื“ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง! ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื " ืงื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืžืจืจ !ืžื” ืžืกืขื ืžืช ื”ืกืคื”. ื™ื”ื“ ืขื˜ ื•ืืช, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื”ืกื’ืจ ืœืชื•ื ืž״ืœื•ืช, ืฉื ื”ื ื• ืœื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืฉืขืจ, ืงื™ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื’ื™ื”ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื‘ืกืชืช ืžืœื‘ื•ื □ืžื’ืข ืขืก ื‘ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืคืŸ ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืื” □ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ืฉืœื™ืœื™. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ, ืืคื•ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืชื™ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืžื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืžืชื™ื•. ื ื ื’ื‘* ืฉื˜ืจืŸ, ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชื ื•, ืœื ืคืกืœื” ืื’ืฉืจื•ื” ื–ื•

(ื–) ื—ืืก ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื“ ืชื—ื“ืฉ? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื " ืงืŸ.






2. ืžืžืš ืœืกื‘ืก ืืคื•ื ืืช ื˜ื™־ืง ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืชื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืคืœื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ืž׳ืจื‘ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช, ื•ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ื“, ื”ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื›ื“ืชื™ื”, ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืคื•ืฆืœ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ "ื—ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช*. ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ืž ื™ื’ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืืจื’ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื™ืช. ืืš ื”ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืœื” ื’ืก ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืื—ืจ. ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื”ืืก ?!-■■'ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช" ืจืงืข ืขื“ืชื™ ืื• ืจืงืข ืื—ื“ ืฉืืœื” ื” ื”ื™ื“ืข ื• ื— ื•ื‘ืจืข ืœื”ืœืŸ.

ื•ื“ื™ื›ื™ื•, ืฉืœืคื™ ืจืื™ื™ืชื <ืฅืœ ื”^ืžืชื‘ื“ืœื™□", ื”ื‘ื™ืื™ ืืชื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืขื•ืœืžื ื—ืงื“ื“ื ื•ืืฉืจ־ ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื“ื•ื ืงืœ ื”-"ืžืชื›ื“ืœื™ืก" ื”ืก ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืงื‘ืจ ื˜ืขื ื–ืช ื”- *ืžืžื‘ื“ืœื™ื" ืขืœ ■ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ืžืœืฉ.ืฅ. ืค5ื™ ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ื ืืœืฆืชื™, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื—ืชื™ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื” ื” ื“ืฉืช, ืœื”ื–ื ืช □*ืžื•ื–ื“ื’ืžื—" ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืœื™ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืื™ืžื” ืชืžื™ืช ื•ืื™ืžืช ืงืœื•ื˜ื— ืžืชืื•ื—ืจ.

ืž $$ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›״*'ื‘ืคืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™", ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืขื™ืจื™□ ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืก ื™ื•□ ■ื•ืฉืขื” ืฉืขื” ื ืจืื” ืžืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื, ื™ื™ืฉื ื• ืฆื™ื‘ืž׳ื™, ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืก ืื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืžืจืข. ืฉ3? ืžืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื•. ืืฅ ืžื˜ื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื’ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ืฉืœืฆื“ ืจืžืกื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืช, ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืชืคื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™□ ืืœื”, ื’ืก ืืก ืœืื’ื˜ื›ื™ื ืขื™ืžื

(ื—) ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”-ื™ื™ืžืชื’ื“ืœื™ื˜־/ ืฉื“ื•ื‘ ืžื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ืืš ื ืžื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื ื ืœื ืžืขืฉ ืžื›ื ื™ ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื—, ื›ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืืช ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืžืจ "ืงื–ื•ืก ื›ืœื™ื™ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉืช ื•ืœื”ืชื›ื“ืœ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืžืชื‘ื“ืœื™ื, ืืœ^ ืฉื’ื˜ ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ื‘, ׳£39$ ืžืงืจื‘ ื—ื”ืœืž׳ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืจื–? ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ืืฉื›ื ื•ืžื”. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืœืง ืœื ื–ื ื™ื— ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื ื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœ ื•ื–׳״ืžืชื‘ื“ืœื™ืžื™?

?ื˜> ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืื•ืœื™, ืขื™ืงืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืžืฉืงืœ ืจื‘, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ืจื™ืข, ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื ืžื•ื›ื—ืฉืช, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืฃ ืžืงืจื— ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืืžื ื, ืืชืจ ื”ืžืชืœื•ื’ืžื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื— ืœื‘ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื“ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง, ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื˜ืขื’ื•ืช ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื— ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืขืฉื”, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™? □ืฉืชืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืžื•ืจื™ืฉ.

ืฉื ื™ืช, ื—ื™ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืž "ืื™ืŸ ืœื’ื• ืขืžื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืš ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื–ืขื™ืช*?

ืืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื—ืจืืฉื•ื’ื— - ื›ื‘ื“ ืงืžืœื•ื” ื›ืขื™ืœ1/ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืžืฆื ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ ื›ืฉืืœืช ื”4ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืžื”ื™ ื ืฉืžืจื” ื™ื–ืžืช ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื›ื™ืคืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“. ืื•ืœื, ืœื›ืœ ื•ื–ื–־ื™ืขื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ืช ■ ืขื•ืจืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื’ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืœื ืžืฆืื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคื’ื” ื•ื˜ื•ืจ□ ื ืก ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ■ื•ืื™ืœืฅ5? ื•ื^ืจ ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืฉืžืœื” " ืืก ื ืงืœืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืœืงื— ื”ืคื•ืœืžื•ืกื™ ื•ื ื•ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจืชื™, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื— ืืœื■ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“, ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ืžื•ืžื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื‘ืš ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื—ื”ื•ืจื™ืก ืฉืœื ืจืฉืžื• ืื•ืžืŸ ื•ืœื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื”?-

££. ืœื˜ื™ื›ื•ืก ืžืœืง ื–ื” ־ ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’□ ื—ื™ื™ืชื”. ื‘ื™ืช ืชืกืคืจ ืคื•ืฆืœ ื ื ืคื•ืฆืœ, ืืš ื”ืจืงืข ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ื— ืžืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื” ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืžื™ื”ืŸ ืœื ืœืคื™ ืžืชืš ืขื“ืชื™ ืืœื, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืงื•ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืžืš ืžืื•ื“ " ืœืคื™ ืžืชืš ื“ืชื™• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืืงื™ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื ื™ื—, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ืชื™ืช ื”ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช, □ืขืฉื˜ื•ืช, □ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื, ♦ ืฉื—ืงื–ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื—ืืฉื›ื ื•ื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื™ืชืจ ื•ืžืกืชื’ืจืช ื™ื™ืชืจ ืžืžืงื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื—ืกื›ืจื“ื™ืช,

ื›ืกืขื™ืฃ 43 . . . ^

ืžืžืขืœื˜ ื˜ื”ืขื’ื›ื”ื– ืขื›ืžื™ ื˜?ืจืจ< ื”ื•ืกื” ■ื›ืืŸ ืžื”ื–ื“ืื–ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืขื“* ืž*ืจืคื•ืž ื– ื™ืจืš ื”ืžืจื•ืขืก ืฉืœ ื›ืืคืกืžืž ืœื‘ื™ื“ืฉืขื™- ืขืžืจื—ื™ ืฆืœ ืขื ื’ื™*! ื–ื” ืœื’ื•ืฉ ื›ื’ืžื™ื™ืฃ 13 ืœืขื™ืœ. ื‘ืืŸ ืขื’׳ื™*ืŸ ืื• ืœื $ื–ื”ื“ืž ืžื—ื•ืจืื–ืž ืืœื ื›ืฉืืœื” ืžืื ื’ืžื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—*ื–ืฆ ืฉื™ื—ื”׳ ืœ43 ื’ื˜ ืจื™ื“ื™ืขืž ืขืœ ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื’ ื—ืจ^ืžื’ ืžืžืขื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืชื™ืš ืžื”ื–ื” - ืฉื ืžื™ื–*ื‘ื– ■ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื–ื˜ื•ืฉ?


ืืฉื•ื‘ ืจืืจืžืฉ, ืž ืœืฉื— ืฉืžืชื• ืœืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื” ื”ืžืชื‘ื“ืœื” ื•ืœื ืžืงื” ืžื”ื• ื’ืก ืœื•ื–ืœื•ืง ืขืœื™ื” ืจืžืช! ืื•ืœื™ 1ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ืข ืื•ืชื” ืฆื ื•׳ื’ื“ื“ื  ืขื“ื‘ืชื– ื™ืจืขื“ืž׳ืžื–. ืื•ืœื, ื”ืฉืืœื’ื– ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืื ■ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ืŸ4<*ืžืชื‘ื“ืœื™ืก* ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืชื, ืฉืืœืช ืฉืืžื ื” ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืžื–ื•ื ืกืžื›ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืขื™ืงื“ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคื™ืฆื“ืœ 3ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืืคืœื™ื” ืขื“ืชื™ืช. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืž ืฉื•ื›ื ืขืชื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžืœื”־ื” ืžืจ.

23. ׳ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื™ ืืงื“ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžืœื™ ืขืœ ื–ื‘ื•ืช ■ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™ ื‘ืคืชื—

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื™, ื’ื’ืฉื”ื™ ■ื‘ืžืชืœืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืž! ืขื ืžืชืœื•ืžื™ื’ื“ ื•ื—ืŸ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืžื“ ื•ืžืจื‘ื•■ ืžืชืžื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™. ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ■ืจื‘ื“ื™ื” ืœืงืฉื‘ ืจื‘ ื•ื* ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™, ืžืฉื” ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืš, ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืœ? ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจืช ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ.

. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืคื™ ืฉืชืจืื™ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื”ื“ื™ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ื”ืŸ ืกืขื™ืคื™□ ืฉื™ืฉ ׳ื ื—□ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•<ื”ื™ื“ ื•ืชืื• ืืชืจ. ืžืœืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืจื‘ืชื™, ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื. ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืžื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื™, ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืžืฉื ื™, ื•ืœื ืžืžื ืช

■ ืœื—ื ื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื’ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื’ื ื“ื, <ืฉ ืžืงื•ื, ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื™ืข ื‘ืจื”, ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื— ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื“ื‘ืจื™ืก ื‘ื˜ืจื ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื ืœืืžืฅ * -,ืช ื›ื ืฉืงื”ืชื™ื™ ื•ื—ืžืœืฆื“ื”ื™ื™ .ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื™ืžืŸ, ืื• ืื— ื”ืœืงื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.

ื•ืžืœืืŸ ืœืชืžืœืฆื•ื” ื’ื•ืคืŸ;

24. ื ื™ื›ื” ืžืกืงื ืชื™, ื‘ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืืคืœื™ื™ืช ืขื“ืชื™ืช ืืžื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ืฉื ื–ื”,

ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืฆื ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืžืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฆืข ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื˜ืœืชืื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื“ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื”. ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืคืจืฉื” ื™ื• ืœืงื—ื™" ื—ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื” ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืืœื”.

5ืž ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื ืงื•ืง, ื’ื’ื“ ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื–ืžื•ืื— ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืื•ืžื“ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืฆืขื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื”. ืื™ืžื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื”ื ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืจืื•ืžื•ื™ื—ืฉ, ืฉื‘ืš ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื™ ืœื ืฆื—ื ืชื™ ืขื ื™ืข ืจื” ืœืขื•ืžืงื•.

24. ืžืื˜ ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ■ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจ ืœืงื“ืงื•ืชื“ื™ ืืชื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš. ื ืจืื” ืœื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืช■ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืœืขืžืฉืช ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื“ืื–ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืชื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื“ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงืง ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืชืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืงืœื— ืฉืืฆื™ื’ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ืื™ืžื•ืฆื”, ื›ื•ืœื” ืื“ ื‘ื—ืœืงื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืขื•ืš ื”ืขืฆืžืื™*?

ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื! ืž ื‘ืžืฆื’ ืฉืžืฆื“... ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื— ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื’ืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื•ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืคื™ืžืช. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ืก, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื, ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ื–ื”ื”, ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื”ืกื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ ื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื—ื”□ ื•ืื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื ืœืคืชืžืฉ ืืžื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื’ืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ื’.


19/0372000

ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฅ ื”ื‘ืขืช ื•ื• ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื’ืก ืœื–ืžื—ื™ืขื“ื• ื”ืจืชืช ืฉื’ื‘ื ืชืช ืžื˜ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืคืงื“, ื‘ืœื•ืข? ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื™ื™ืจืฉื•ืืœืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœ״׳ืช ืืชื“/ืช.

ื’

ืž. ื—ืจืฉื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ื“ืงื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ื›ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืงื” ื›ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืœื”ืกืช "ืกืขืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ืฉ ืชืžื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืงื›ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ืž ืคืขืœื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืžืช ืกืคื“ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืคื™ืงืช, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœ. ื™ื•ืง ื•ืชื•ืš ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืฆื”ืœื”.

ืื•ืœื›ื–, ื”ืžืขืจื” ืชื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืš, ืืœื ื›ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืื‘ืœื™ื™ื— ืขื“ืชื™ืช . ืฉืขื ื•ืช ืืœืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื• ื›ืœื ื’ื‘ ื•ื˜ื—.

 ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืคื•ื ืืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืฆืขืจื™ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื - ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ, ื”ืฆื“ืงื”, ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ื” ื”ืขื“ืชื™ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ื•ืจืžื” - ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ื–ืจืงื•ืช ืœื—ืœืœ .ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ืžืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก